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How does the Preconf solution speed up Ethereum transaction confirmation?

How does the Preconf solution speed up Ethereum transaction confirmation?

BlockBeats2024/07/15 13:52
By:BlockBeats
Original title: "How does the Preconf scheme speed up Ethereum's transaction confirmation speed?"
Original author: 0XNATALIE, ChainFeeds


On June 30, Vitalik published a new article discussing Ethereum's problems with transaction confirmation speed. Vitalik mentioned that Ethereum has made great improvements compared to five years ago. Thanks to EIP-1559 (dynamic adjustment of transaction fees) and the stable block generation time after the merger, transactions sent by users on L1 are usually confirmed within 5-20 seconds. However, this time can be further improved. For some applications that explicitly require a few hundred milliseconds or even shorter delays, it is very meaningful to further shorten the confirmation time. To achieve this goal, the Ethereum community and researchers have proposed some practical solutions, one of which is preconfirmations.


What is preconfirmation?


Preconfirmations (preconf) is a pre-confirmation state of a transaction before it is officially confirmed. Specifically, it refers to a temporary confirmation made by the node before the transaction is included in the block by the miner and officially put on the chain. This temporary confirmation means that multiple nodes verify the validity of the transaction and temporarily store it in the memory pool. This allows users to get a signal that the transaction has been accepted in a short time, so as to get instant feedback, reduce waiting time and improve user experience. This pre-confirmation is not the final confirmation and may still be revoked (such as block reorganization), but this is relatively rare.


Usually, in the pre-confirmation mechanism, the proposer plays the role of providing pre-confirmation services. Users can obtain a signed commitment that their transaction will be included in the next block by paying an additional fee. If the proposer fails to fulfill his promise, they will face economic penalties.


Specific implementation plan: Based Preconfirmations


Justin Drake, a researcher at the Ethereum Foundation, has been promoting a method for Ethereum pre-confirmation mechanism: Based preconfirmations, which provides fast transaction confirmation through specific incentive and penalty mechanisms.


In the Based preconfs mechanism, in order to reduce the risk of transactions not being packaged into blocks for various reasons, additional proposer penalties and mandatory inclusion are required:


· Proposer slashing:L1 proposers must choose to add additional penalty conditions to become preconfirmers. This can be achieved through the re-staking related mechanism.


· Proposer forced inclusions:L1 proposers must be able to force transactions to be included on-chain even when it is not economically feasible or other proposers are uncooperative. This can be achieved through inclusion lists.


L1 proposers become prevalidators by opting in to the following two prevalidation penalty conditions. Prevalidators send signed prevalidation commitments to users, promising to include the transaction in a block within a specified time period, and receive a tip from the user for fulfilling the commitment.


· Liveness slashing:Prevalidators face penalties if they fail to include a prevalidated transaction within a specified time period.


· Safety slashing:Prevalidators face penalties if their commitments do not match the transactions they actually include.


In addition, pre-confirmers will be prioritized according to their positions in the proposer's outlook to execute pre-confirmed transactions faster. The proposer's outlook mechanism is a mechanism used to determine which proposers will have the opportunity to package blocks in the future. Each future proposer will be assigned a position number, which indicates their order in the future block proposal. Pre-confirmers are sorted according to their positions in the proposer's outlook. The smaller the position number, the higher the priority. Assuming that a transaction is committed by pre-confirmer B, the proposer with a smaller position number before B (pre-confirmer A) can package the transaction immediately, reducing the user's waiting time and not having to wait for the time period when B becomes the proposer. If the proposer before B fails to package the transaction in time, pre-confirmer B needs to ensure that these transactions are included in its time period, otherwise it will face penalties.


Through the above conditions and settings, Based preconfs can provide L1 with faster confirmation of transactions. If the rollup is based (L2 sorting is left to L1), that is, all L2 blocks are logically regarded as L1 transactions, then the same mechanism can be used to provide pre-confirmation for L2.


Community Discussion


Justin Drake proposed Based preconfirmations, which attracted the community's attention to the pre-confirmation mechanism. After that, the community had a rich discussion around the topic of pre-confirmation. The more noteworthy ones are: Blockchain Capital member Jonah B proposed to allow users to customize the punishment measures in the pre-confirmation mechanism; independent developer Matthew proposed to use the chain pre-confirmation mechanism (preconf chaining) to protect the proposer from being punished for external unexpected situations such as power outages, network interruptions, etc. (liveness failure); Primev researcher Christian Matt introduced two pre-confirmation modes: one is provided by a designated leader (leader-based), and the other is provided by multiple competitors (leaderless) in the absence of a leader. The advantage of the leader mode is that it can provide nearly 100% confirmation guarantee. The competitive environment of the leaderless mode helps to effectively discover the pre-confirmation price and optimize the verifier's benefits. Christian Matt also proposed several solutions that combine leader and leaderless pre-confirmation; Ethereum Foundation member potuz discussed the various challenges and solutions of introducing the pre-confirmation mechanism under the ePBS framework.


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Disclaimer: The content of this article solely reflects the author's opinion and does not represent the platform in any capacity. This article is not intended to serve as a reference for making investment decisions.

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