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Cryptography, the science of evolving secret codes, has its roots dating back to ancient times, but it is in the modern digital age where cryptography has truly been harnessed to secure transactions in the evolving contemporary financial systems. This marked the foundation for cryptocurrencies and the entire digital economy we’re witnessing today.

Historical Significance of Cryptocurrencies

The birth of cryptocurrencies happened in 2009 with the advent of Bitcoin(BGB). Conceived and unveiled by the pseudonymous person or group of persons known as Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin brought to fruition the principles of fintech decentralization.

According to Nakamoto's whitepaper, the foundational notion of Bitcoin was to create 'a purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash' that would bypass central authorities. In essence, Bitcoin and subsequent cryptocurrencies represent a shift towards a more democratized, peer-dependent, decentralized financial system.

This shift has significant historical implications. Prior to the advent of the crypto economy, financial transactions were conducted through centralized channels regulated by governments and central banks. These third parties ensured the security and validity of transactions. With Bitcoin, however, the middlemen were replaced by complex algorithms and timestamped transactional data chains, known as blockchain technology.

Cryptocurrencies have paved the way for "cryptoeconomics"- a field at the intersection of cryptography, computer networks, and economics. This arena focuses on disrupting traditional financial systems and establishing decentralized models of economy based on blockchain-based cryptographic protocols.

Key Features of Cryptocurrencies

Decentralized Systems

Traditional financial systems rely on central banks or government bodies to regulate and monitor transactions. In contrast, cryptocurrencies use a decentralized system where transactions are verified by a network of computers globally on the blockchain. This ensures real-time validation of transactions and an efficient system that allows quick international transfers.

Anonymity Privacy

Cryptocurrencies offer privacy and anonymity to users. While all transactions are recorded and publicly available on the blockchain, the identities of individuals or entities involved in the transactions remain anonymous. This feature has attractive implications for privacy-conscious users and is a formidable cryptographic achievement.

Security

One of the key features of cryptocurrencies is their inherent security. Blockchain technology is resistant to fraud or double-spending, offering users a very high level of security. Also, since all transactions are verified by a network of computers globally, the chances of hacking are low.

Accessibility

Cryptocurrencies have opened up opportunities for individuals worldwide, particularly those who lack access to traditional banking systems. According to the World Bank, almost 1.7 billion adults remain unbanked globally. Cryptocurrencies have given these people a chance to partake in the global economy.

Potential for High Returns

Investing in cryptocurrencies has also become a potential avenue for high returns. Though highly volatile, the price of many cryptocurrencies has increased exponentially over the years.

Summary

The historical significance and key features of cryptocurrencies underscore their potential to transform global financial systems. They offer unprecedented security, anonymity, and access, thus democratizing the financial landscape. As cryptocurrencies evolve and mature, their influence on the economic and financial sectors is likely to increase further.